The Effect of Different Dental Implant Surface Characteristics on Immunological and Microbiological Parameters

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Objectives: To assess the levels of TNF-α, PGE2, RANKL, RANK, OPG, which are immunological
 markers of peri-implant disease and F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia,
 P. intermedia, S. oralis, which are microbiological agents of peri-implantitis, in areas
 where SLA, fluorine-modified and anodized implant surfaces are used.
 
 Material and methods: In this study, 71 implants of 37 patients were assessed. The patients
 were grouped according to the surface characteristics of the implants. Group 1: SLA surface,
 Group 2: Fluorine modifying surface, Group 3:Anodization surface Plaque index (PI), gingival
 index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depths (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL)
 and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were measured. Peri-implant sulcus fluid and subgingival
 plaque samples were collected.
 
 Results: PI was found to be significantly lowest in Group 1, higher in Group 3. Group 3
 implants were found to have more bleeding on probing significantly. It was found to be higher
 peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in Group 3. GI, PD, CAL, KTW were not found to
 differ between groups. No significant differences were found between TNF-α, PGE2, RANKL,
 RANK, OPG. While F. nucleatum, T. forsythia, T. denticola and P. intermedia were found to be
 significant highest in Group 3, P. gingivalis and S. oralis were found to be high in Group 2.
 
 Conclusion: Peri-implantitis rate, BOP and PI were found to be higher in Group 3. F.
 nucleatum, T. forsythia, T. denticola, and P. intermedia were found to be significantly high
 in Group 3 implants. This situation can be associated with the porous structure of anodized
 surface.