Acupressure Versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Quality of Life Intradialysis

Pain pressure algometry:,The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI):,Short form -36 questionnaire (KDQoL SF-36):

Hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of pain, mainly musculoskeletal and intra
 dialytic pain. A high prevalence of pain was also observed in the upper and lower limbs and
 the trunk. In addition, severe functional interference of pain in the ability to walk was
 associated with pain in the upper Limb. These results indicate that pain in hemodialysis
 patients is limiting and disabling (Dos Santos et al., 2021).
 
 Acupressure increases relaxation, relieves pain, and reduces anxiety and depression,
 especially in the elderly. It is relatively inexpensive, safe, non-invasive, and easy to use
 and is performed by hands, elbows. by applying pressure to specific areas of the body so
 muscle spasms are relieved, blood circulation and vital energy are improved (Bastani et
 al.,2022).
 
 Strong non-painful TENS within or close to the site of pain produces clinically important
 reductions in the intensity of pain during or immediately after treatment. With no reports of
 serious adverse events. TENS as an adjunct to core treatment or immediate short-term relief
 of pain, irrespective of diagnosis. Patients should be advised to tailor TENS Treatment
 according to their individual needs (Johnson et al., 2022).