Early Detection of Renal Abnormalities in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Excess

Glomerular filtration rate,Microalbuminuria,Glycemia,Body mass index

Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Weight excess increases the risk
 of in developing the metabolic syndrome, which is composed by a set of cardiometabolic risk
 factors such as abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure and elevated fasting
 glucose levels. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are known to be risk factors for the
 development of chronic kidney disease. It is not clear however, whether they can be
 considered independent risk factors for impaired renal function and renal damage. Whereas
 obesity may represent an independent risk factor for renal damage, it is not clear yet if the
 contemporaneous presence of obesity and metabolic alterations is associated with an
 additional increase in the risk.
 
 It may be important to understand the relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and
 renal health, as treatment strategies may be different for the two metabolic phenotypes of
 obesity, i.e., metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO)
 patients.
 
 The primary objective of this multicentre observational prospective study is to assess the
 relationship between metabolic phenotype and reduced renal function (glomerular filtration
 rate 90 ml/min/1.73m2 or microalbuminuria 30-300 mg/24h) in a population of 1000 patients
 with overweight or obesity.
 
 The secondary aim is to study the association between diet quality, consumption of
 ultra-processed foods and indicators of reduced renal function and renal damage.